“Rutile”, by Frederick H. Pough, Lapidary Journal, 2000 Feb; p. 16, 76-77. Abstract: The author looks at rutile and its formation in gemstones.
“Behind the hazy look”, by Robert Weldon, Professional Jeweler, 2000 May; v. 3, n. 5; p. 66. Abstract: The third installment of a series on inclusions. Top quality sapphires from Kashmir and Madagascar have rutile silk inclusions so small that they're barely visible, but due to their number they affect the transparency of the stone, softly blurring the overall color.
“Following the silk road: rutile silk in corundum”, by Richard W. Hughes and John I. Koivula, Spectra, 2007 Spring; p. 4-5. Abstract: The "silk" found in rubies and sapphires is "actually tiny crystals formed through a process called exsolution, the "unmixing" of a solid solution. At high temperatures, crystals have more defects and a more-expanded lattice; thus, they are better able to absorb impurities. As the crystal cools, defects are reduced. This may force impurities to crystallize out.”